Skip to content

Version Control

1. Git

1. Git Setup and Configuration

  • git --version - Check Git version
  • git config --global user.name "Your Name" - Set global username
  • git config --global user.email "your.email@example.com" - Set global email
  • git config --global core.editor "vim" - Set default editor
  • git config --global init.defaultBranch main - Set default branch name
  • git config --list - View Git configuration
  • git help <command> - Get help for a Git command

2. Creating and Cloning Repositories

  • git init - Initialize a new Git repository
  • git clone <repo_url> - Clone an existing repository
  • git remote add origin <repo_url> - Link local repo to a remote repo
  • git remote -v - List remote repositories

3. Staging and Committing Changes

  • git status - Check the status of changes
  • git add <file> - Add a file to the staging area
  • git add . - Add all files to the staging area
  • git commit -m "Commit message" - Commit staged files
  • git commit -am "Commit message" - Add & commit changes in one step
  • git commit --amend -m "New message" - Modify the last commit message

4. Viewing History and Logs

  • git log - Show commit history
  • git log --oneline - Show history in one-line format
  • git log --graph --decorate --all - Display commit history as a graph
  • git show <commit_id> - Show details of a specific commit
  • git diff - Show unstaged changes
  • git diff --staged - Show staged but uncommitted changes
  • git blame <file> - Show who modified each line of a file

5. Branching and Merging

  • git branch - List all branches
  • git branch <branch_name> - Create a new branch
  • git checkout <branch_name> - Switch to another branch
  • git checkout -b <branch_name> - Create and switch to a new branch
  • git merge <branch_name> - Merge a branch into the current branch
  • git branch -d <branch_name> - Delete a local branch
  • git branch -D <branch_name> - Force delete a branch

6. Working with Remote Repositories

  • git fetch - Fetch changes from remote repo
  • git pull origin <branch_name> - Pull latest changes
  • git push origin <branch_name> - Push changes to remote repo
  • git push -u origin <branch_name> - Push and set upstream tracking
  • git remote show origin - Show details of the remote repo
  • git remote rm origin - Remove the remote repository

7. Undoing Changes

  • git restore <file> - Unstage changes
  • git restore --staged <file> - Unstage a file from the staging area
  • git reset HEAD~1 - Undo the last commit but keep changes
  • git reset --hard HEAD~1 - Undo the last commit and discard changes
  • git revert <commit_id></commit_id> - Create a new commit to undo changes
  • git stash - Save uncommitted changes temporarily
  • git stash pop - Apply stashed changes
  • git stash drop - Remove stashed changes

8. Tagging and Releases

  • git tag - List all tags
  • git tag <tag_name> - Create a tag
  • git tag -a <tag_name> -m "Tag message" - Create an annotated tag
  • git push origin <tag_name> - Push a tag to remote
  • git tag -d <tag_name> - Delete a local tag
  • git push --delete origin <tag_name> - Delete a remote tag

9. Working with Submodules

  • git submodule add <repo_url> <path> - Add a submodule
  • git submodule update --init --recursive - Initialize and update submodules
  • git submodule foreach git pull origin main - Update all submodules

10. Git Aliases (Shortcuts)

  • git config --global alias.st status - Create alias for status command
  • git config --global alias.co checkout - Create alias for checkout command
  • git config --global alias.br branch - Create alias for branch command
  • git config --global alias.cm commit - Create alias for commit command
  • git config --list | grep alias - View all configured aliases

11. Deleting Files and Folders

  • git rm <file> - Remove a file and stage deletion
  • git rm -r <folder> - Remove a directory
  • git rm --cached <file> - Remove file from repo but keep locally

12. Force Push and Rollback (Use with Caution)

  • git push --force - Force push changes
  • git reset --hard <commit_id> - Reset repo to a specific commit
  • git reflog - Show history of HEAD changes
  • git reset --hard ORIG_HEAD - Undo the last reset

2. GitHub

1. Authentication & Configuration

  • gh auth logout – Log out of GitHub CLI
  • gh auth status – Check authentication status
  • gh auth refresh – Refresh authentication token
  • gh config set editor <editor> – Set the default editor (e.g., nano, vim)
  • gh config get editor – Get the current editor setting

2. Repository Management

  • gh repo list – List repositories for the authenticated user
  • gh repo delete <name> – Delete a repository
  • gh repo rename <new-name> – Rename a repository
  • gh repo fork --clone=false <url> – Fork a repository without cloning

3. Branch & Commit Management

  • gh branch list – List branches in a repository
  • gh branch delete <branch> – Delete a branch
  • gh browse – Open the repository in a browser
  • gh co <branch> – Check out a branch

4. Issue & Pull Request Handling

  • gh issue create – Create a new issue
  • gh issue close <issue-number> – Close an issue
  • gh issue reopen <issue-number> – Reopen a closed issue
  • gh issue comment <issue-number> --body "Comment" – Add a comment to an issue
  • gh pr list – List open pull requests
  • gh pr checkout <pr-number> – Check out a pull request branch
  • gh pr close <pr-number> – Close a pull request

5. Gists & Actions

  • gh gist create <file> – Create a new gist
  • gh gist list– List all gists
  • gh workflow list – List GitHub Actions workflows
  • gh run list – List workflow runs

Webhooks

  • Go to Repo → Settings → Webhooks → Add Webhook
  • Events: push, pull_request, issues, etc.
  • Payload sent in JSON format to the specified URL

3. GitLab

1. Project & Repository Management

  • gitlab project create <name> – Create a new project
  • gitlab repo list – List repositories
  • gitlab project delete <id> – Delete a project
  • gitlab repo fork <repo> – Fork a repository
  • gitlab repo clone <url> – Clone a GitLab repository
  • gitlab repo archive <repo> – Archive a repository

2. Issues & Merge Requests

  • gitlab issue list – List all issues in a project
  • gitlab issue create --title "<title>" --description "<desc>" – Create an issue
  • gitlab issue close <issue_id> – Close an issue
  • gitlab issue reopen <issue_id> – Reopen an issue
  • gitlab merge_request list – List merge requests
  • gitlab merge_request create --source-branch <branch> --target-branch <branch> --title "<title>" – Create a merge request
  • gitlab merge_request close <mr_id> – Close a merge request

3. Pipeline & CI/CD

  • gitlab pipeline trigger – Trigger a pipeline
  • gitlab pipeline list – List all pipelines
  • gitlab pipeline retry <pipeline_id> – Retry a failed pipeline
  • gitlab pipeline cancel <pipeline_id> – Cancel a running pipeline
  • gitlab pipeline delete <pipeline_id> – Delete a pipeline
  • gitlab runner register – Register a CI/CD runner
  • gitlab runner list – List registered runners
  • gitlab runner unregister <runner_id> – Unregister a runner

4. User & Group Management

  • gitlab user list – List users in GitLab
  • gitlab user create --name "<name>" --email "<email>" – Create a new user
  • gitlab group list – List groups in GitLab
  • gitlab group create --name "<group_name>" --path "<group_path>" – Create a group
  • gitlab group delete <group_id> – Delete a group

5. Access & Permissions

  • gitlab project member list <project_id> – List project members
  • gitlab project member add <project_id> <user_id> <access_level> – Add a user to a project
  • gitlab group member list <group_id> – List group members
  • gitlab group member add <group_id> <user_id> <access_level> – Add a user to a group

6. Repository Protection & Settings

  • gitlab branch protect <branch> – Protect a branch
  • gitlab branch unprotect <branch> – Unprotect a branch
  • gitlab repository mirror – Set up repository mirroring
  • gitlab repository settings update – Update repository settings

Webhooks:

  • Go to Settings → Webhooks
  • Select triggers: Push events, Tag push, Merge request, etc.
  • Use GitLab CI/CD with .gitlab-ci.yml

4. Bitbucket

1. Repository Management

  • bitbucket repo create <name> - Create a repository
  • bitbucket repo list - List all repositories
  • bitbucket repo delete <name> - Delete a repository
  • bitbucket repo clone <repo-url> - Clone a repository
  • bitbucket repo fork <repo> - Fork a repository
  • bitbucket repo update <repo> - Update repository settings

2. Branch Management

  • bitbucket branch create <branch-name> – Create a new branch
  • bitbucket branch list - List all branches
  • bitbucket branch delete <branch-name> - Delete a branch

3. Pipeline Management

  • bitbucket pipeline run - Run a pipeline
  • bitbucket pipeline list - List pipelines
  • bitbucket pipeline stop <pipeline-id> - Stop a running pipeline
  • bitbucket pipeline rerun <pipeline-id> - Rerun a pipeline

4. Issue Tracking

  • bitbucket issue list - List all issues
  • bitbucket issue create "<title>" --kind=<bug/task/enhancement> - Create an issue
  • bitbucket issue update <issue-id> --status=<open/closed/resolved> - Update issue status
  • bitbucket issue delete <issue-id> - Delete an issue

5. Pull Request Management

  • bitbucket pullrequest create --source <branch> --destination <branch> - Create a pull request
  • bitbucket pullrequest list - List pull requests
  • bitbucket pullrequest merge <id> - Merge a pull request
  • bitbucket pullrequest approve <id> - Approve a pull request
  • bitbucket pullrequest decline <id> - Decline a pull request

Webhooks

  • Go to Repo → Repository Settings → Webhooks
  • Choose event typesd like repo:push, pullrequest:created, etc